Dynamo-electric machine



J. K. KOSTKO.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

(APPLICATION FILED DEC. 122. i916.

Patented Sept. 21, 1920.

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Kw gx INVINTOR ATTORNEY.

l. K. KOSTKO.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION man 050.18, 1916.

1,353,658; PatentedSept. 21,1920.

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ATTORNEY.

J. K. KOSTKO.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 1a. 1916.

PatentedSept. 21, 1920.

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. UNITED, STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JABOSLAW K. KOSTKO, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

' DYNAMIC-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J AROSLAW K. Kos'rk'o, a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to dynamoelectric machines, and, more particularly, to the frame or stator construction of such a ma- It is well known that iron in the form of thin laminations has considerable advantages over steel and iron castings for construction of parts of electric machines which are designed to carry a magnetic flux. Among many causes of this superiority the most important are the following: Magnetic properties of sheet iron are constant and reliable; therefore only such amount of material needs to be provided for a. given flux carrying member as is determined by the flux density corresponding to the amount of magnetizing ampere-turns assigned for this purpose; when cast material is-us'ed, however, an ample margin must be left on account of possibility of abnormally low magnetic properties due to-faulty' composition, blow holes in castings, etc. Further, conditions of economical production of steel castings sometimes result in considerable delays,

while cast iron is in most cases unsuitable as a magnetic material on account of its low permeability; sheet iron is free from these disadvantages. Lastly, the method of machining the laminated material -by stamping-is most suitable for accurate and rapid production, while machining of cast steel is an expensive operation. I

Recognition of these advantages of lamin- 4 .ated-material resulted in its extensive use r evemfor such parts of dynamo-electric mach1nes where afine subdivision of material 1s not essential, such as cores .of salient pole pieces carrying constant, 2'. e. not periodically variable magnetic flux. Attempts to =use laminated material for yokes to .which S2 l lll1t .pole piecesare attached, howeverf Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept. 21, 1920..-

Application filed December 18, 1916.

Serial No. 137,678

. greater because its axial width is limited by the width of the pole pieces. lhe usual method of attaching pole pieces to the yoke by means of bolts located in holes drilled radially through the yoke becomes, therefore, very expensive, sometimes even impossible, if the supporting structure is such as to inclose the laminated yoke on its outer periphery.

One of the objects of this invention, therefore, is to overcome these difficulties and, moreover, to do so by meansof construction possessing valuable electrical features, so as to further compensate any eventual increase of cost of production by increased rating of the machine.

Further objects will appear from the detail description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. I

The invention can be applied in all cases where a part of a magnetic circuit is composed of a yoke built up of laminations, and of salient p'olepieces attached to it; for instance, it can be used with advantage when it is desiredto adapt existing alternating current motor frames for direct current work..

The principal features of this invention consist, first, in anovel means for attaching salient pole pieces to a yoke built up of laminations; second, in a novel construction of supporting frame for a yoke built up of laminations, combining rigidity with light weight and small dimensions, both constructions being such as to result in greatlyimproved electrical performance of the machine; and third, in a construction of lamin-.

ated magnet system by which the reaction of the armature current on the field is diminished.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure l is the end view of a 4-pole machine frame showing means for attaching pole pieces to a laminated yoke;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partly in section, along the axis 22, of Fig. 1;

Fig. 2 is side view of the wedges:

3 is the end view of a 4-po1e machine stance by compressing them between a flange frame showing an embodiment using a laminated yoke "construction for commutating pole machines;

Fig. 4 is a side elevation, partly in section, along the line 4.4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. -5 is a detail illustration of Fig. 1, showing the yoke and pole parts;

Figs. 6 and 7 show other embodiments of the method of attaching pole pieces to laminated yokes; and,

Fig. 8 illustrates electrical features of con structions of Figs. 1 to 7.

Referring now to Figs l and 2, A is a frame which supports yoke laminations B in any manner known to the art, for ,in-

C cast with the frame A, and an end plate D bymeans of studs E passing through laminations B and located in holes drilled through the flange C and the end plate D, the assumption bein that yoke B carries a constant flux only. ovetail recesses F are punched in la'minations B-in numberequal to the number of poles of the machine. Each pole piece is divided into two independent parts G and Gr separated, when in position in the frame, by the gap Gr (hereinafter referred to as .polar gap) and proportioned so as to permit the assemlows: The two parts G bly of pole pieces with the frame as foland G are brought 3 close together, thus partly eliminating the gap G slipped into the dovetail recess F,

and then spread apart and-firmly clamped may be Fig. 6), but in larger machinesit is pref- ;erably composed of two' wedgesI-I and H .of uniform rectangular cross 1 section, the

inthe frame by means pf a wedgeor wedges inserted tween them in cooperating recesses. In very small machines this wed e simply a, round pin. (as shown in flwedge H- being-thin andslightly bent, .as

Fsli'own-in Fig. 2","

and the wedge H being thick and straight. 'Whenthe pole parts wedge H'is' inserted first withithe concave face engaging a pole part and the thick wedge H is driven in next; by straightening out the wedge H this gives a'spring action clamping device which prevents pole pieces from working loose. In the frame construction of Figs. 1 and 2, wed s are inserted from the left hand side of t e machine,- and' they are prevented from gradually working out.of the frame by'a radially inwardly projectin part Iof the end plate D on one side, an 'by a corresponding radially inwardly projecting pad'J cast on the,

bearing end plate K on the other-'side, this bearing end plate being supported from the frame in the usual manner. z The yoke can be made in one single ring L 'with' dovetail recesses punched out, as

shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 5, or, as shown in Fig. 6, it can consist of independent pieces B rigidly assembled in a suitable supporting frame and separated from each other by spaces which form, when in position in the frame, dovetail recesses adapted to receive the pole parts. These pole parts may, moreover, in small machines, be clamped in position by simple one-piece wedges H In special cases of exceptionally large pole pieces, it may be of advantage to still further subdivide them in several parts separated and held in the frame by wedges located between parts of the pole pieces or between parts of pole pieces and suitable projections punched integral with the yoke. This construction is, for instance, suitable for three part split pole rotary converters, such as shown in Fig. 7, where pole piece parts Q and Q areJield in the frame by means ofiwedges N and N driven. between these. pole parts and the projection P of the yoke B.

Figs. 1, 2, 5 and 6 showthe application of this method in connection with stationary field system. It is clear, however, that the same construction can be used in connection with revolving field member.

Figs. 3 and 4 show an embodiment using a laminated construction in connection with machines provided with commutating poles. The supporting frame. consists of two parts a and b. The part a consists of a rin c with lateralor axial projections in num er equal to the number of commutating poles and shaped-Zand machined so that their inside parts dlcan be used as commutating pole cores, while their outside parts d are in contact with the inside edges of yoke laminationsl e' and are used for centering these laminations. a ring which compresses the laminationsand is bolted'to' projections d of the part a :by'means of'sbolts f. The part b has pads-i with drilled holes h for the bolts 7 and tapped-holesi for bolts (not shown in the figure). attaching the bearing end plate highload, because itis equivalent to ani automatic increase ofcommutating pole ampere-turns at a rate more than proportionalj to the armature current. Any other method of attaching pole pieces to the yoke can', however, be used in connection with frame construction of Figs. 3- and 4. j

construction is not limited to ma-l chines provided with commutating poles.

In some cases, where conditions of commut'ation do not require theiruse, parts (1* can be left out and only arts d will be used for centering the yo e laminations. The

The part b consistsbf field by the 'sumed that surfaces parallel embodiments shown in Figs. 1 to 7 can obviously be -used in machines having any number of poles.

It is well known that in machines without compensating windings the distortion of the action of the armature current can be reduced by introduction of a high magnetic resistance in the path of distorted lines, preferably so as to avoid any increase of magnetic resistance opposing the fiow of the main flux, i. e. the flux produced by the field coils when the armature current is absent.

The method of attaching the pole pieces shown in Fig. 5 fulfils this requirement, as it is clear that all lines of induction producing what is commonly called distortion of the field, z'. e., strengthening of one part of the pole piece and weakening of the other part, must cross either polar gap G (the wedge being supposed non-magnetic) or the bridge I which can be made long and narrow so as to become quickly saturated.

In order to get a clear insight into the electrical advantages which I claim for this invention, especially when used in connection with commutating poles, the following remarks will be useful:

If the saturation of the pole cores Q Q Fig. 5, is not very high,

and it can beasto the shaft and intersecting the plane of the drawing along the lines R R and R 2 are equipotential surfaces, 2'. 0., that the drop of magnetic potential between these surfaces either across the polar gap G or along the bridge P is constant for a definite armature current. The magnetic state of the flux carrying parts of the machine is then the same as if no polar gap G existed, a. e., if poles and yoke were of the usual construction, as in Fig. 8, but special magnetizing coils S and S were w'ound at right angles to the main field coils T and T ampereturns of these coils S and S being at any moment equal to the: potential drop between surfaces R and B", it can be seen that in space, position, and in direction of their magnetomotive force these coils S and S develop their full action in the zone of the armature where coils undergoing commutation are situated. In other words, in machines without commutating poles, coils S and S are equivalent to a set of more or less strong coils partly neutralizing the armature reaction; in machines with commutating poles these coils S and S act in the same direction as the commutating coils Z -and Z which simply means that with this construction the ampere-turns of the coils Z and Z will be less, by the full strength of coils S v and S than the excitation needed to obtain the same results with the usual pole piece construction.

Moreover, it is clear that, as the bridge P becomes saturated, the drop of potential along this bridge, 2'. 6., the ampere-turns of the coils S and S increases faster than in direct proportion to the armature current. As explained above, this means that the effective excitation of the commutating poles increases faster than in direct proportion to the armature current. This counteracts the harmful influence of the saturation of commutating pole cores by providing an excess of magnetomotive force necessary to force through a path of increased reluctance a flux proportional to the armature current. especially useful if there is danger of saturation of commutating pole cores, as would be in the case of the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4, if cast material of poor magnetic properties was used.

Lastly, it may be mentioned that this method of attaching pole pieces to the yoke is well adapted for designs using field coils surrounding parts of the pole core, as, for instance, in regulating pole rotary converters. In such cases independent parts of pole pieces may be not identical, but proportioned and spaced to suit the electrical features of the design.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is:

1. In a dynamo-electric machine, a field yoke having a recess, a field pole comprising a plurality of separate pole parts positioned in said recess, and means between and engaging said pole parts adapted to retain said pole parts in position.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine, a field yoke having a recess, a field pole compris ing a plurality of pole parts one of which is positioned in said recess in spaced relation to the other part, and means between and engaging said pole parts adapted to retain said positioned pole part in position.

3. In a dynamo electric machine, a field yoke having a recess, a. field pole comprising a plurality of pole parts positioned in spaced relation in said recess to interlock with said yoke, and means between and engaging said pole parts adapted to retain said pole parts in said interlocked position.

4 Ina dynamo-electric machine, a supporting structure comprising a ring with lateral projections and a ring attached to the said projections, yoke laminations and field polesthereon mounted between said rings, said laminations being centered by said projections, the. outer surfaces of the projections being in contact with the inner edges of said yoke laminations.

5. In a dynamo-electric machine, a supporting structure comprising a ring having lateral projections extending radially inward to form commutating poles and a ring attached to the said projections, and yoke laminations mounted and compressed be- This construction is, therefore, Y

tween said rings and centered by said proect1ons,

the outer surfanes of said projections being in contact With the inner edges of said yoke laminations.

6. In a dynamo-electric machine, a supporting structure comprising a frame having lateral projections exte nding radially J AROSLAW K. KOSTKO; 

